
22 August 2024
Why does streaming sometimes lag behind live TV?
When you’re watching the live stream of something like a football match, sometimes the live stream lags a few seconds behind the feed on the radio or linear TV. Why does this occur? The reason lies in the multiple stages required to transition a live broadcast to streaming apps.
One of the major advantages of streaming video is the ability to watch significant events while on the go. However, when you compare a live stream with the same event being broadcast on traditional TV, you’ll notice a downside: the streamed video often lags behind the live broadcast, sometimes by up to 30 seconds.
So, why does this happen? It’s due to the complex process of converting a live broadcast into a streamable format.
Video Capture
The camera captures the image, which is typically sent to an outside broadcast van before being transmitted via satellite or a dedicated landline to the broadcast centre.
Encoding
The video feed is incredibly data-heavy and requires compression using a codec. This compression process reduces gigabytes of data to more manageable megabytes. Simultaneously, the video is transcoded into various file formats to cater to different internet speeds, with each stream potentially having up to 10 different bitrate profiles.
Packaging
Next, the compressed video needs to be packaged for delivery, which involves adding a file container format and implementing digital rights management (DRM) security protocols.
Delivery
The video must then be delivered from the source to the viewer. The further the viewer is from the media server, the longer the video takes to arrive, potentially leading to latency and buffering. To mitigate these issues, Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) are used. These networks consist of servers spread across the country to distribute the load and ensure the video is streamed from the closest possible point to the viewer.
Playback
The video stream on the user’s device is broken into short segments, each a few seconds long. The device constantly monitors the quality and speed of its internet connection and communicates this back to the source. If the connection is strong, higher bitrate segments are sent, resulting in a clearer picture. If the connection weakens, lower bitrate segments are sent, which may cause the video to become pixelated. Despite this, the user experiences smooth playback overall.
All of these processes happen in real-time as the event unfolds, presenting a significant challenge for live-streaming companies as it inevitably causes a delay compared to live broadcasts. However, ongoing advancements aim to speed up these processes, and we can expect this lag to decrease over time.
Original African stories by local talent

The Mommy Club NBO
The Mommy Club NBO is the fifth instalment of the record-breaking Mommy Club franchise. Stream from 30 May on Showmax, with new episodes every Friday.

Empini S1-2
Empini is a high-stakes, action-packed drama set in the ruthless, corrupt world of private security. Season 2 is now streaming, with new episodes every Tuesday.

Youngins S1-2
Stream Tshedza Pictures’s first teen drama, Showmax Original Youngins. S1 and S2 are ready to binge.

The Real Housewives of Durban Seasons 1-5
Our eThekwini queens are back with a brand-new season. Stream Season 5 now, with new episodes every Friday.

Unfollowed S1-2
Unfollowed examines cancel culture in social media through real-life stories of South African celebs. Stream S1-2 now on Showmax.

The Mommy Club S1-3
The Mommy Club sees glamorous Jozi momfluencers navigating the the cutthroat world of “it” moms. Stream S3 now, with new episodes every Saturday.

Adulting S1-3
Four best friends go through the hoops of life, love and everything else. Binge-watch Adulting S1-3 now on Showmax.

The Chocolate Empire S1
The Chocolate Empire follows JB Mauzo, who was recently released from prison, as he rebuilds his life. Stream now, with new episodes every Thursday.
Feel the burn in The Showmax Roast of Helen Zille
The Real Housewives of Durban S5, now streaming
More Mzansi gold

The Showmax Roast of Helen Zille: Burn unit
Get your ice and aloe gel ready: we’ve scooped just 25 of the best burns from Laugh Africa Presents: The Showmax Roast of Helen Zille.

Laugh Africa Presents: The Showmax Roast of Helen Zille
South African comedy royalty Tumi Morake and Trevor Gumbi take the reins as Roast Masters. With Helen Zille in the hot seat and a cross-section of South African voices – anything can happen.

Ama Grootman S1
Six friends confront the challenges of fixing relationships and making pivotal choices in this reality show about Port Shepstone’s elite.

Must-watch trailer for the reunion of The Mommy Club Season 3
Watch the trailer for the reunion of The Mommy Club S3, premiering in two parts on 17 and 24 May on Showmax.